Zmanim are halachic prayer times derived from local sunrise and sunset. A halachic hour (sha'ah zmanit) equals one twelfth of the time from sunrise to sunset — so it varies by location and season. VedKaal uses the Gra (Vilna Gaon) method, the standard for most diaspora communities.

Shabbat begins at candle lighting time — 18 minutes before sunset on Friday. It ends at Havdalah — 42 minutes after sunset on Saturday night (Tzeis Hakochavim per Gra). Times are calculated based on your city's exact location.

The Parasha (Parashat HaShavua) is the weekly Torah portion read in synagogue on Shabbat. The Torah is divided into 54 portions, completing the yearly cycle on Simchat Torah. The cycle shown follows the Diaspora reading schedule.

All Zmanim are calculated from local sunrise and sunset, which depend on your geographic coordinates and the time of year. A city at higher latitude has longer summer days, shifting all prayer times accordingly. This is why New York and London have different zmanim even on the same day.